Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh ôn thi vào lớp 10 năm 2024 - 2025 Ôn thi vào lớp 10 môn Anh

Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh thi vào 10 năm 2024 - 2025 gồm 28 trang tóm tắt kiến thức lý thuyết và một số bài tập trọng tâm kèm theo. Kiến thức tiếng Anh thi vào lớp 10 là một trong những tài liệu quan trọng giúp các em vững vàng hơn trong việc tiếp nhận các kiến thức để đạt kết quả cao trong bài thi vào 10 sắp tới.

Kiến thức tiếng Anh thi vào lớp 10 được biên soạn trình bày rất mạch lạc, rõ ràng, dễ học và dễ hiểu theo chương trình sách giáo khoa hiện hành. Qua đó giúp cho các em học sinh có tài liệu tham khảo để ôn tập, củng cố kiến thức ngữ pháp tốt để giải được các bài tập tiếng Anh chính xác, đúng nhất. Ngoài chuyên đề tiếng Anh thi vào 10 các bạn học sinh xem thêm: bài tập từ đồng nghĩa, trái nghĩa tiếng Anh lớp 9, Bài tập Phrasal Verbs với Look lớp 9.

Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh thi vào 10 năm 2024- 2025

• I. Các thì tiếng Anh thi vào lớp 10
• II. Cấu trúc tiếng Anh thi vào lớp 10
• III. Nguyên tắc phát âm nguyên âm trong Tiếng Anh
• IV. Một số bài tập tự luyện

I. Các thì tiếng Anh thi vào lớp 10

1. Present Simple tense.( Thì hiện tại đơn)

- Use : là một thì trong ngữ pháp tiếng Anh nói chung. Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả một hành động hay sự việc mang tính chất chung chung, tổng quát lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên hay một hành động diễn ra trong thời gian ở hiện tại.

+ Diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên (1 hiện tượng vật lý).

- Form:

+ S + V/Vs / es + ……………………. Ex: -The earth goes around the sun.

- S + don’t/doesn’t + V+ ……………….. -We don’t have classes on Sunday.

? Do/Does + S + V + ………………….? - Does Lan speak French?

- Các từ nhận biết: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/ week/ month/ year…

- Lưu ý: ta thêm “ES” sau các động từ tận cùng bằng: O, S, X, CH, SH ( goes, misses, fixes, watches, washes

* Động từ/ danh từ tận cùng bằng -S có 2 cách phát âm là: /s, /z/.

a. Đối với những động từ/ danh từ tận cùng là: -p, -f, -th, -k, -t khi thêm -S sẽ phát âm là /s/.

Ex: stops, books, cuts, months, roofs,.......

b. Đối với những động từ/ danh từ tận cùng là các phụ âm còn lại hoặc nguyên âm, khi thêm -S sẽ phát âm là /z/.

Ex: enjoys, stays, dogs, pens, tables, lives,.......

2. Past Simple Tense (Thì quá khứ đơn)

- Use : diễn tả hành động bắt đầu và kết thúc trong quá khứ và không còn liên quan tới hiện tại.

Thì quá khứ đơn có thể sử dụng với trạng từ thời gian xảy ra trong quá khứ (ví dụ: I walked to the market last Saturday) hoặc tại một thời điểm xác đinh (ví dụ: I studied today).

- Form:

+ S + V-ed(hợp quy tắt ) / V2 (bất quy tắt ) + ……. Ex : - He arrived here yesterday.

- S + didn’t + V + …………………. - She didn’t go to school yesterday.

? Did + S + V + …………………… ? - Did you clean this table?

- Các từ nhận biết : last week / month / year . . ., ago, yesterday, In + name trong quá khứ, from 2000 to 2005.

3. Past perfect Tense (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành):

- Use: Diễn tả 1 hành động quá khứ xảy ra trước 1 mốc thời gian hoặc một sự kiện trong quá khứ.

- Form:

+ S + Had + V3 + O.

- S + Hadn’t + V3 + O.

? Had + S + V3 + O ?

Ex: We had lived in Hue before 1975.

- We hadn’t lived in Hue before 1975.

- Had they lived in Hue before 1975 ?

4. Future simple Tense ( Thì tương lai đơn)

- Use : được dùng khi không có kế hoạch hay quyết định làm gì nào trước khi chúng ta nói. Chúng ta ra quyết định tự phát tại thời điểm nói. Thường sử dụng thì tương lai đơn với động từ "to think "trước nó.

- Form :

+ S + will / shall + V ……… Ex: He will finish his homework tomorrow .

- S+ won’t / shan’t + V + ………. Lan won’t go to the zoo next week.

? Will / Shall + S + V + …………? Will you do this exercise ?

- Các từ nhận biết: someday, next, tomorrow, soon …

5. Present progressive Tense (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)

- Use : + là một thì trong tiếng Anh hiện đại. Nó dùng để diễn tả những sự việc xảy ra ngay lúc chúng ta nói hay xung quanh thời điểm nói, và hành động chưa chấm dứt (còn tiếp tục diễn ra).

Ex: He is learning English now.

+ Thường dùng tiếp theo câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh và cảnh báo (nhận biết bằng dấu “ !”)

Ex: Look ! The child is crying.

+ Diễn tả một hành động chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai, đã được lên kế hoạch.

Ex: We are going to the movie theater tonight.

-Form : + S + is / am/ are + V-ing + …………… Ex : I’m learning English now.

- S + is / am/ are + not + V-ing + …… He isn’t learning English now.

? Is / Am / Are + S + V-ing + ………? Is he reading books now?

-Lưu ý: Không dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với các động từ chỉ nhận thức tri giác như: tobe, see, hear, taste, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget,…

6. Past progressive Tense (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn )

- Use: + Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và kéo dài trong quá khứ.

Ex: I was playing football from 4 p.m to 6 p.m yesterday afternoon.

+ Diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra 1 thời điểm trong quá khứ.

Ex: He was sleeping at that time.

+ Diễn tả hai hành động xảy ra cùng 1 lúc trong quá khứ.

Ex: Yesterday, I was cooking while my sister was washing dishes.

- Form:

+ S + Was/ were +V-ing .....+ O

- S + Was/ were + not +V-ing +O …

? Was/were + S +V-ing +O …. ?

- He was sleeping at that time.

- He wasn’t sleeping at that time

-Was he sleeping at that time.

7. Mixed Tense ( Sự kết hợp giữa các thì ):

- Hai hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ, hành động nào kéo dài hơn thì dùng Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn, hành động nào ngắn hơn thì dùng Quá Khứ Đơn.

Ex: Last night, when I was sleeping, the phone rang.

- Hai hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ, hành động nào xảy ra trước thì dùng Quá khứ Hoàn Thành, hành động nào xảy ra sau thì dùng Quá Khứ Đơn (After, before )

Ex: After the children had finished their homeworked, they went to bed.

- Những hành động xảy ra liên tiếp nhau trong quá khứ thì dùng Quá Khứ Đơn.

Ex: Last night, when I was sleeping, I heard the sound in the kitchen. I woke up and went to downstair. I turned off lights. Suddenly, I was unconscious by a hit.

8. The passive form (voice)

BE + V3 /V-ed (past participle)

Ex: They design cars all over the world.

9. Modal verbs (động từ khiếm quyết)

Động từ khiếm quyết bao gồm: must, mustn’t, needn’t, shouldn’t, should, ought to, can , can’t, could, may, might

-Form :

+ S + modal verb + V + ……….

Ex : I can sing very well.

- S + modal verb + not + V + ………

Ex : Hoa may not come to the party tomorrow.

? Modal verb + S + V + ………….?

Ex : May I come in ?

II. Cấu trúc tiếng Anh thi vào lớp 10

1. Used to + V₁

Đây là cấu trúc dùng để miêu tả thói quen thường xảy ra trong quá khứ.

Ex: When I was young, I used to look after my younger brothers.

Lưu ý:  + Used to + V1 ->Chỉ thói quen trong quá khứ (past habit)

Ex: When he was a boy, he used to go swimming.

+ To be + used to+ V-ing ->Chỉ thói quen hoặc việc thường xảy ra ở hiện tại (present habit)

+ To get + used to+ V-ing -> Trở nên quen với.

Ex : I am used to reading in the library

2. To take someone to somewhere (a place)

(Đưa ai đi đến đâu, dẫn ai đi đến đâu)

Ex: My mother takes me to 29-3 park every weekend

3. Wish sentence:

Đây là câu tưởng tượng không có thật. Vì thế động từ không theo đúng thì của nó.

+ Hiện tại:   S + V-ed / V₂ (simple past)

Động từ tobe: dùng WERE cho các ngôi

+ Quá khứ S + had + V-ed / V₃ (past participle)

+ Tương lai S + would / should / could + V₁

Ex : I wish I spoke English fluently.

• We wish my mother had been here with us last year.
• - He wishes he would come to my party.

4. Adverb clauses of result

Ex: The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.

5. Adverb clauses of reason

Cấu trúc của mệnh đề chỉ lý do

Because/ Since/ As + S + V, S + V

*Lưu ý:

• Since và As thường đứng ở đầu câu.
• Because có thể đứng ở đầu câu hoặc giữa câu, nếu "because" đứng ở giữa câu thì bỏ dấu phẩy.

Ví dụ:

Since it started to rain, the picnic was cancelled.

(Vì trời bắt đầu mưa nên chuyến dã ngoại bị huỷ bỏ.)

He couldn't go with me to the party because he had a lot of work. (Cậu ấy không thể đi cùng tớ tới bữa tiệc vì cậu ấy có rất nhiều việc.)

*Cấu trúc câu chứa các cụm từ chỉ lý do

Because of / Due to + V-ing / Noun / pronoun, S + V

Ví dụ:

I couldn't hear you very well beacause of the noise. (Vì tiếng ồn nên mình nghe bạn nói không rõ lắm.)

Due to having worked with computer overnight, he is exhausted. (Vì phải làm việc với máy tính suốt đêm nên anh ấy kiệt sức.)

6. If clause

III. Nguyên tắc phát âm nguyên âm trong Tiếng Anh

Trong Tiếng Anh, nguyên âm bao gồm 2 loại là nguyên âm đơn và nguyên âm đôi

• Nguyên âm đơn bao gồm nguyên âm dài và nguyên âm ngắn, khác nhau về độ dài hơi khi nói. Việc phát âm không chuẩn nguyên âm dài và ngắn có thể làm thay đổi nghĩa của từ, khiến người nghe hiểu nhầm sang một từ khác.
• Nguyên âm đôi là nguyên âm được cấu tạo bởi 2 nguyên đơn

Nhằm giúp các bạn học sinh có thể dễ dàng phân biệt cách đọc của các nguyên âm, dưới đây là bảng nguyên tắc phát âm để các bạn tham khảo trong quá trình ôn tập.

Nguyên âm /i:/ & /ɪ/

Nguyên âm /æ/ & /e/

Nguyên âm /u:/ & /ʊ/

Nguyên âm /ʌ/ & /ɑː/

Nguyên âm /ɔ:/ & /ɒ/

Nguyên âm /ɜː/ & /ə/

Nguyên âm /eɪ /, /ɑɪ/ & /oɪ/

Nguyên âm /aʊ/ & /əʊ/

Nguyên âm / ɪə/, /eə/ & /ʊə/

IV. Một số bài tập tự luyện

Exercise 1: Choose the correct option A, B, c, or D to finish the following sentences.

1.__________? Your eyes are red.

A. Did you cry
B. Have you cried
C. Were you crying
D. Have you been crying

2.I________ to get their decision before today.

A. hope
B. hoped
C. had hoped
D. have hoped

3.He looked tired because he___________ for six hours.

A. ran
B. was running
C. has been running
D. had been running

4.I________ you back in a few minutes.

A. call
B. am calling
C. have called
D. will call

5. In 1875 archaeologists _________ the ruins of the Olympic Stadium in Greece.

A. discovered
B. were discovering
C. have discovered
D. had discovered

6.We________ very hard at the office lately as we are negotiating an important contract.

A. are working
B. were working
C. have been working
D. had been working

7. You can’t believe a word he says. He___________ .

A. always lies
B. is always lying
C. has always lied
D. will always lie

8.I often find things on the beach. I__________ this very old bottle yesterday.

A. found
B. was finding
C. had found
D. had been finding

9.While John was reading, his sister _______ the piano.

A. played
B. is playing
C. was playing
D. had played

10. Do you think you_________ here in five years’ time?

A. will still work
B. will still be working
C. will still have worked
D. will still have been working

Exercise 2: Supply the correct verb form to complete the following sentences.

1. The beach was so crowded the other day that we (have)_____________ difficulty finding an empty spot.

2. Sampson (not work)________ for the company for very long before he was promoted.

3. This time tomorrow I (relax)__________ in the swimming pool.

4. At the end of this month, we (live)____________here for ten years.

5. There’s someone at the door. I (answer)_________it.

6. They (lock)________ the gates before I got there.

7. The bus came after I (stand)________ there for about thirty minutes.

8. I (not listen)_______ , so I missed what he said.

9. He’s taken his driving test five times, but he (not pass)__________ it yet.

10. They (complete)_______ the new bridge by the end of the year.

Exercise 3: Choose the correct option A, B, c, or D to complete the following sentences.

1.Kate queued all night so________ get a good seat.

A.as to
B. that she
C. she can
D. to

2.__________the gold medal he’ll have to do better than that.

A. Winning
B. In order win
C. To win
D. So that he wins

3. Before he got married, Danny always went out on Saturday nights. He never_______stay in.

A. would
B. use to
C. used to
D. is used to

4. My sister Mary is ___________ person in our family.
A. the shortest
B. the shorter
C. the most short
D. shorter

5.Laday Markham is said _________ all her money to a home for abandoned cats.

A.to leave
B. left
C. to have left
D. leaving

6. Rosa suggested_________ a suit and tie when he went for the interview.

A. him to wear
B. he must wear
C. him wearing
D. that he wear

7. It’s sad that he has __________ friends of his own age.

A. a little
B. little
C. few
D. a few

8. He didn’t want to risk _________ ate for the interview.

A. arrive
B. arriving
C. to arrive
D. having arrived

9. I wish I_________ my letter of application earlier.

A. would write
B. had written
C. have written
D. wrote

10. If he________ more slowly, he would have been able to stop.

A. had been driving
B. drove
C. has driven
D. would drive

Exercise 4: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change this word.

1. To what extent do they agree with your proposals?

How far are_______________________________________ ?

2. He predicted a win for the Labour Party in the next general election.

He was sure _______________________________________.

3. Going fishing with friends and family is fun.

It ______________________________________________ .

4. He gave a two-hour lecture on aerodynamics.

His _____________________________________________ .

5. The wind was so strong that the trees were uprooted.

So strong__________________________________________ .

6. We know that you were in town on the night of the crime.

You are known______________________________________.

7. He suggested allowing council tenants to buy their houses.

He suggested that ____________________________________ .

8. Rewriting sentences is not as easy as it looks.

It isn’t ____________________________________________ .

9. People drive fast. That’s why there are many accidents.

If people ___________________________________________ .

10. The farmers no longer live and work as they used to.

No longer___________________________________________ .

Exercise 5: Bài tập đọc hiểu

Did you know that on average we forget about 80% of the medical information a doctor might give us? This fascinating information came to light as a result of a study carried out by Utrecht University. What is even more interesting is that almost half of what we think we remember is wrong.

Why do you think this is? Well, it’s not as complicated as you may think. You see, going to the doctor fills most people with anxiety and when we are really nervous and stressed we are more likely to focus on the diagnosis rather than the treatment. Therefore, we know what is wrong with as but have no idea what to do about it.

Here are some good tips to keep in mind when seeing a doctor. Always write down any important information. What would be even better is, if your doctor agreed, to record your consultation. This way, you can replay the advice at home, where you are more likely to absorb it. If you believe the situation is serious or you’re really worried, seek the help of a family member. Just ask them to accompany you to listen in. This way you can be absolutely sure about what the doctor has told you and avoid falling into the same trap that most people do.

1. According to the passage, the information doctors give us _________.

A. is about 50% wrong
B. is only 80% correct
C. is mostly forgotten
D. is usually not enough

2. The word “complicated” in the passage is opposite in meaning to _________.

A. good
B. quick
C. short
D. simple

3. The author says that when people consult a doctor, _________.

A. they always believe that their situation is serious
B. they are interested in knowing what they should do
C. they only want to know what is wrong with them
D. they usually have a family member with them

4. The word “absorb” in the passage is closest in meaning to _________.

A. digest
B. inhale
C. swallow
D. take in

5. The author suggests recording the consultant in order to _________.

A. play it to your family members to get their opinions
B. refer to it later to better understand your condition
C. replay it to write down any important information
D. use it as evidence against your doctor if necessary

Exercise 6: Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D

1. My students enjoy ____________ English very much.

A. learn
B. learnt
C. learning
D. to learn

2. Some parents are thinking of banning children from ________ the computer.

A. to using
B. to use
C. use
D. using

3. You should avoid __________ too much TV. It’s not good for your eyes.

A. watch
B. to watch
C. watching
D. watches

4. How much time do you spend _______ TV every day?

A. watch
B. to watch
C. watching
D. in watching

5. Jane prefers _______ music than to listen to it.

A. playing
B. play
C. to play
D. played

6. I would love _______ to your party! Thank you for inviting me.

A. come
B. coming
C. to come
D. came

7. Could you help me _______ the kitchen? It’s a real mess!

A. tidy
B. tidied
C. tidying
D. with tidying

8. Your child needs _______ some weight. Tell him _______ less junk food and more exercise.

A. to lose - eat
B. to lose - to eat
C. losing - to eat
D. losing - eat

9. I’d hate _______ the exams, so I’m doing my best.

A. failing
B. to fail
C. fail
D. failed

10. She _________ him when he called her.

A. pretended not hear
B. pretended she heard not
C. pretended not to hear
D. did not pretended hear

11. My father usually helps me ________ English.

A. to learn
B. learn
C. learning
D. both A and B

12. John is too stupid __________ understand this.

A. to
B. not to
C. to not
D. for

13. Try ________ so many mistakes.

A. not to make
B. not make
C. to make not
D. make not

14. I taught _________________.

A. how mending a shirt
B. him how to mend a shirt
C. how mend a shirt
D. him how mend a shirt

15. She told Mary ________ up hope.

A. not give
B. do not give
C. not to give
D. to give not

16. The superintendent promised to tear down and ___________ the fire damaged school building.

A. rebuild
B. to rebuild
C. rebuilding
D. to rebuilding

17. The mechanic needs ___________ a new muffler on your car.

A. to put
B. putting
C. to be put
D. to putting

18. Mow that were finished painting the house, there’s nothing left ___________.

A. done
B. did
C. to do
D. for doing

19. When will he be allowed to go home? When will they ________?

A. let him go
B. let to go
C. leave him to go
D. leave him

20. Do you want _________ by the doctor?

A. to examine
B. to be examined
C. being examined
D. being to examine

21. Mis Brown told Mary ___________ down.

A. sit
B. to sit
C. sitting
D. sat

22. Micheal Faraday wrote a letter to Sir Humphry Davy __________ for work.

A. asked
B. to ask
C. so to ask
D. in order to asking

23. Do you know ___________ to play that game now?

A. way
B. what
C. if
D. how

24. My father has decided _____________ a new house.

A. find
B. to find
C. finding
D. him find

25. John wanted me _______ him.

A. to be helping
B. help
C. to help
D. I help

Exercise 7: Put the verb in brackets into the present simple or past simple

1. We _________ (go) to the beach last weekend.

2. My cousins _________ (not/ visit) us every weekend.

3. ___________ (your mum/ make) a chocolate yesterday?

4. I _______ (send) Jessica an email yesterday afternoon

5. The children always ______ (do) their homework yesterday afternoon.

6. Last year, I ___________ (travel) to Japan.

7. ___________ you ___________ (have) dinner last night?

8. He ___________ (arrive) from the airport at 8:00, ___________ (check) into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.

9. I ___________ (receive) three messages two minutes ago.

10. She ___________ (work) at the movie theater after school.

11. Yesterday she ___________ (go) to the cinema and ___________ (watch) a horror movie.

12. Carlos always ___________ (eat) spaghetti but two days ago he ___________ (eat) soup.

13. We seldom ___________ (drink) alcohol during the forenoon.

14. Somebody ___________ (take) the flowers from the graves in the morning

15. When ___________ your grandpa ___________ (come) home after war?

16. Some girls ___________ (not/ read) the book yesterday

17. When ___________ (be) they in London the last time? - I think in 2002

18. Why ___________ you ___________ (help) your brother with the homework? - Because he ___________ (be) rather lazy all the time

19. My dog sometimes ___________ (catch) a mouse and ___________ (bring) it to the front door.

20. I sometimes ____________ friends in the afternoon. (to meet)

21. ____________ in the shower? (he/often/to sing)

22. Lynn and Toby ____________ in Glasgow in 2018. (to be)

23. They ____________ T-shirts last Friday. (not/to buy)

24. She often ____________ to school. (to walk)

25. ____________ the desk an hour ago? (Nick/to repair)

26. She ____________ in the garden on Mondays. (not/to work)

27. ____________ coffee every day? (Victoria/to drink)

28. We ____________ our bikes on Sundays. (not/to ride)

29. Why ____________ hamburgers? (they/never/to eat)